Impacto en los resultados de salud cardiovascular de la implantación del contrato de Dirección Clínica en atención primaria de Tarragona

ObjetivoLos objetivos del presente estudio son: a) determinar la mejora en la salud cardiovascular de una población tras la implantación del contrato de Dirección Clínica en los profesionales de los Equipos de Atención Primaria de Tarragona-Reus y Terres de l’Ebre (provincia de Tarragona), y b) identificar los factores predictivos que determinan una mejor salud cardiovascular tras la implantación del contrato de Dirección Clínica. La implantación del contrato de Dirección Clínica (basada en el liderazgo profesional, feedback de la información asistencial, control de los indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular basados en la evidencia científica concretadas en guías de práctica clínica) mejorará los resultados de salud cardiovascular de la población de referencia.DiseñoSe trata de un estudio antes-después y multicéntrico.EmplazamientoAtención primaria de salud.ParticipantesParticipan 30 centros de salud (totalidad de los centros de salud del ámbito de atención primaria del Institut Català de la Salut).Mediciones principalesCaracterísticas del centro. Variables de proceso: indicadores de buena práctica asistencial, cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular, aplicación de la guía de práctica clínica (hipertensión arterial, diabetes, dislipemia, tabaquismo y factores de riesgo cardiovascular), estándares de calidad de la prescripción farmacológica. Variables de resultados: cifras de riesgo cardiovascular, número de visitas en atención continuada, urgencias hospitalarias e ingresos por angina, infarto agudo de miocardio y accidente cerebrovascular, y cribados poblacionales de factores de riesgo.DiscusiónEste estudio es útil, ya que la dirección clinica pretende ser un motor para que los profesionales lideren la gestión asistencial y, mediante el control de indicadores y la «retroalimentación» de estos resultados a los profesionales, se mejore la calidad asistencial. Con este trabajo se pretende demostrar que una estrategia de gestión puede mejorar la salud cardiovascular de la población. La originalidad de este proyecto se basa en el desarrollo de una nueva herramienta de evaluación basada en una novedosa estrategia de gestión para medir resultados en salud cardiovascular.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study are: 1) to determine the improvement in the cardiovascular health of the population after the introduction of the clinical governance contract for primary care team professionals in Tarragona-Reus and the Terres de l’Ebre area (Tarragona province, Spain); 2) to identify the factors predictive of better cardiovascular health after the introduction of the clinical governance contract. The introduction of the clinical governance contract, which is based on professional leadership, feed-back of care information, and monitoring of indicators of cardiovascular risk based on scientific evidence and concretised in clinical practice guidelines, will improve the cardiovascular health results of the reference population. Improvements in indicators of procedure and result are specified in “Material and methods.”DesignThis is a before-and-after, multicentre study.SettingPrimary health care.ParticipantsTirty health centres (all the primary care Centres in the area).Main measurementsCharacteristics of the centre. Variables in procedures: indicators of good care practice, calculation of cardiovascular risk, application of clinical practice guidelines (hypertension, diabetes, lipaemia, tobacco and cardiovascular risk) and quality standards for drug prescription. Result variables: cardiovascular risk figures, number of ongoing care visits, hospital emergencies and admissions for angina, heart attack or stroke, and risk factor screenings of the population.DiscussionThis study is useful, in that clinical governance aims to be a dynamic device to bring professionals into the leadership of health care management and, through monitoring indicators and feeding the findings back to the professionals, to improve health care quality. The study aims to show that management strategy can improve the populatiońs cardiovascular health. The originality of the study lies in the development of a new tool of evaluation based on a novel management strategy for measuring cardiovascular health findings

Fatty Acid Signatures in Different Tissues of Mediterranean Yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Vegetable and Fish Oils

[EN] The study aimed to evaluate how replacing different proportions of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VO) in the diet of Mediterranean yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), affects the fatty acids (FA) signature, i.e.; overall FA profile, in different tissues. A total of 225 Mediterranean yellowtail juveniles (initial live weight: 176 ± 3.62 g) were fed for 109 days with one of three diets: A control diet (FO 100), with FO as the only lipid source, or diets with 75% and 100% of FO replaced with a VO mixture. At the end of the feeding trial, the brains, muscles, livers, and visceral fat were sampled in four fish per tank (12 per treatment), and their fat were extracted and used for FA analysis. The FA signatures of red and white muscle, liver, and visceral fat tissues changed when the dietary FA source changed, whereas FA signatures in the brain were rather robust to such dietary changes. These new insights might help evaluate whether key physiological functions are preserved when fish are fed diets with low FO levels, as well as define the dietary FA requirements of Mediterranean yellowtail to improve the sustainability of the production and welfare of the fish.The Ph.D. grant held by Francesco Bordignon is funded by the ECCEAQUA project (MIUR; CUP: C26C18000030004).Bordignon, F.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Trocino, A.; Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Jover Cerda, M.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2020). Fatty Acid Signatures in Different Tissues of Mediterranean Yellowtail, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), Fed Diets Containing Different Levels of Vegetable and Fish Oils. Animals. 10(2):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020198S116102Matsunari, H., Hashimoto, H., Oda, K., Masuda, Y., Imaizumi, H., Teruya, K., … Mushiake, K. (2012). Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on growth, survival and swim bladder inflation of larval amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso). Aquaculture Research, n/a-n/a. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03174.xGrau, A., Riera, F., & Carbonell, E. (1999). Aquaculture International, 7(5), 307-317. doi:10.1023/a:1009212520021Sicuro, B., & Luzzana, U. (2016). The State ofSeriola spp.Other Than Yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata) Farming in the World. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24(4), 314-325. doi:10.1080/23308249.2016.1187583Mazzola, A., Favaloro, E., & Sarà, G. (2000). Cultivation of the Mediterranean amberjack, Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810), in submerged cages in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Aquaculture, 181(3-4), 257-268. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00243-4Jover, M., Garcı́a-Gómez, A., Tomás, A., De la Gándara, F., & Pérez, L. (1999). Growth of mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerilii) fed extruded diets containing different levels of protein and lipid. Aquaculture, 179(1-4), 25-33. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00149-0Takakuwa, F., Fukada, H., Hosokawa, H., & Masumoto, T. (2006). Optimum digestible protein and energy levels and ratio for greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso) fingerling. Aquaculture Research, 37(15), 1532-1539. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01590.xVidal, A. T., De la Gándara García, F., Gómez, A. G., & Cerdá, M. J. (2008). Effect of the protein/energy ratio on the growth of Mediterranean yellowtail (Seriola dumerili). Aquaculture Research, 39(11), 1141-1148. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01975.xPapadakis, I. E., Chatzifotis, S., Divanach, P., & Kentouri, M. (2007). Weaning of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerilii Risso 1810) juveniles from moist to dry pellet. Aquaculture International, 16(1), 13-25. doi:10.1007/s10499-007-9118-xHaouas, W. G., Zayene, N., Guerbej, H., Hammami, M., & Achour, L. (2010). Fatty acids distribution in different tissues of wild and reared Seriola dumerili. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 45(7), 1478-1485. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02292.xMonge-Ortiz, R., Tomás-Vidal, A., Rodriguez-Barreto, D., Martínez-Llorens, S., Pérez, J. A., Jover-Cerdá, M., & Lorenzo, A. (2017). Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: Effect on growth performance, feed efficiency, tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value. Aquaculture Nutrition, 24(1), 605-615. doi:10.1111/anu.12595Mourente, G., Tocher, D. R., & Sargent, J. R. (1991). Specific accumulation of docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6n−3) in brain lipids during development of juvenile turbotScophthalmus maximus L. Lipids, 26(11), 871-877. doi:10.1007/bf02535970Sargent, J., Bell, G., McEvoy, L., Tocher, D., & Estevez, A. (1999). Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish. Aquaculture, 177(1-4), 191-199. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00083-6Tocher, D. R., & Harvie, D. G. (1988). 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Aquaculture, 356-357, 211-222. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.05.014Bell, J. G., Strachan, F., Good, J. E., & Tocher, D. R. (2006). Effect of dietary echium oil on growth, fatty acid composition and metabolism, gill prostaglandin production and macrophage activity in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.). Aquaculture Research, 37(6), 606-617. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01470.xStoknes, I. S., Økland, H. M. W., Falch, E., & Synnes, M. (2004). Fatty acid and lipid class composition in eyes and brain from teleosts and elasmobranchs. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 138(2), 183-191. doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.03.009Rodríguez-Barreto, D., Jerez, S., Cejas, J. R., Martin, M. V., Acosta, N. G., Bolaños, A., & Lorenzo, A. (2012). Comparative study of lipid and fatty acid composition in different tissues of wild and cultured female broodstock of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). 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Aquaculture, 261(3), 1077-1087. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.021BOURAOUI, L., SÁNCHEZ-GURMACHES, J., CRUZ-GARCIA, L., GUTIÉRREZ, J., BENEDITO-PALOS, L., PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ, J., & NAVARRO, I. (2010). Effect of dietary fish meal and fish oil replacement on lipogenic and lipoprotein lipase activities and plasma insulin in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(1), 54-63. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2009.00706.xRegost, C., Arzel, J., Robin, J., Rosenlund, G., & Kaushik, S. . (2003). Total replacement of fish oil by soybean or linseed oil with a return to fish oil in turbot (Psetta maxima). Aquaculture, 217(1-4), 465-482. doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00259-4Bell, J. G., McEvoy, J., Tocher, D. R., McGhee, F., Campbell, P. J., & Sargent, J. R. (2001). Replacement of Fish Oil with Rapeseed Oil in Diets of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Affects Tissue Lipid Compositions and Hepatocyte Fatty Acid Metabolism. 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Definition of efficient scarcity-based water pricing policies through stochastic programming

[EN] Finding ways to improve the efficiency in water usage is one of the most important challenges in integrated water resources management. One of the most promising solutions is the use of scarcity-based pricing policies. This contribution presents a procedure to design efficient pricing policies based in the opportunity cost of water at the basin scale. Time series of the marginal value of water are obtained using a stochastic hydro-economic model. Those series are then post-processed to define step pricing policies, which depend on the state of the system at each time step. The case study of the Mijares River basin system (Spain) is used to illustrate the method. The results show that the application of scarcitybased pricing policies increases the economic efficiency of water use in the basin, allocating water to the highest-value uses and generating an incentive for water conservation during the scarcity periods. The resulting benefits are close to those obtained with the economically optimal decisions.This study has been partially funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7) ENHANCE (number 308.438). In addition, the authors acknowledge the editor and reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments.Macian-Sorribes, H.; Pulido-Velazquez, M.; Tilmant, A. (2015). Definition of efficient scarcity-based water pricing policies through stochastic programming. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 19(9):3925-3935. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3925-2015S39253935199Alvarez-Mendiola, E.: Diseño de una política eficiente de precios del agua integrando costes de oportunidad del recurso a escala de cuenca, PhD dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain, 2012 (in Spanish).Andreu, J., and Sahuquillo, A.: Efficient aquifer simulation in complex systems, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 113, 110–129, 1987.CHJ: Esquema provisional de Temas Importantes, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, Confederación Hidrográfica del Júcar, Valencia, Spain, 2009 (in Spanish).Dandy, G. C., McBean, E. A., and Hutchinson, B. G.: A model for constrained optimum water pricing and capacity expansion, Water Resour. Res., 20, 511–520, 1984.Dinar, A., Rosegrant, M. W., and Meinzen-Dick, R.: Water Allocation Mechanisms – Principles and Examples, Agriculture and Natural Resources Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 2007.European Commission: Directive 2000/60/Ec of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 23 October 2000, establishing a framework for community Action in the Field of Water Policy, Official Journal of the European Communities (OJL), 327, 1–73, 2000.Fisher, F., Huber-Lee, A., and Amir, I.: Liquid Assets: An Economic Approach for Water Management and Conflict Resolution in the Middle East and Beyond, RFF Press, Washington, DC, USA, 2005.Garrick, D., Siebentritt, M. A., Aylward, B., Bauer, C. J., and Purkey, A.: Water markets and freshwater ecosystem services: policy reform and implementation in the Columbia and Murray-Darling Basins, Ecol. Econ., 69, 366–379, 2009.Griffin, R. C.: Effective water pricing, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 37, 1335–1347, 2001.Griffin, R. C.: Water Resource Economics: The Analysis of Scarcity, Policies, and Projects, The MIT Press, Cambridge, USA, 402 pp., 2006.Gysi, M. and Loucks, D. P.: Some long run effects of water-pricing policies, Water Resour. Res., 7, 1371–1382, 1971.Harou, J. J., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Rosenberg, D. E., Medellín-Azuara, J., Lund, J. R., and Howitt, R. E.: Hydro-economic models: concepts, design, applications, and future prospects, J. Hydrol., 375, 627–643, 2009.Heinz, I., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Lund, J., and Andreu, J.: Hydro-economic modeling in river basin management: implications and applications for the European Water Framework Directive, Water Resour. Manag., 21, 1103–1125, 2007.Howe, C. W., Schurmeier, D. R., and Shaw Jr., W. D.: Innovative approaches to water allocation: the potential for water markets, Water Resour. Res., 22, 439–445, 1986.Johansson, R. C., Tsur, Y., Roe, T. L., Doukkali, R., and Dinar, A.: Pricing irrigation water: a review of theory and practice, Water Policy, 4, 173–199, 2002.Karamouz, M., Houck, M. H., and Delleur, J. W.: Optimization and simulation of multiple reservoir systems, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 118, 71–81, 1992.Kelman, K., Stedinger, J. R., Cooper, L. A., Hsu, E., and Yuan, S.-Q.: Sampling stochastic dynamic programming applied to reservoir operation, Water Resour. Res., 26, 447–454, 1990.Labadie, J. W.: Optimal operation of multireservoir systems: state-of-the-art review, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 130, 93–111, 2004.Lund, J. R. and Guzman, J.: Derived operating rules for reservoirs in series or in parallel, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 125, 143–153, 1999.Macian-Sorribes, H.: Utilización de Lógica Difusa en la Gestión de Embalses, Master Thesis dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain, 2012 (in Spanish).Macian-Sorribes, H. and Pulido-Velazquez, M.: Hydro-economic optimization under inflow uncertainty using the SDP-GAMS generalized tool, in: Evoling Water Resources Systems: Understanding, Predicting and Managing Water-Society Interactions, IAHS Press, Wallingford, UK, 410–415, 2014.Massarutto, A.: El precio de agua: herramienta básica para una política sostenible del agua?, Ingeniería del Agua, 10, 293–326, 2003 (in Spanish).Meinzen-Dick, R. and Mendoza, M.: Alternative water allocation mechanisms indian and international experiences, Econ. Polit. Weekly, 31, A25–A30, 1996.Mousavi, J. J., Ponnambalam, K., and Karray, F.: Reservoir operation using a dynamic programming fuzzy rule-based approach, Water Resour. Manag., 19, 655–672, 2005.Nandalal, K. D. W. and Bogardi, J. J.: Dynamic Programming Based Operation of Reservoirs: Applicability and Limits, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 144 pp., 2007.Palomo-Hierro, S., Gomez-Limon, J. A., and Riesgo, L.: Water Markets in Spain: Performance and Challenges, Water 2015, 7, 652–678, 2015.Pulido-Velazquez, M., Jenkins, M., and Lund, J. R.: Economic values for conjunctive use and water banking in southern California, Water Resour. Res., 40, W03401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002626, 2004.Pulido-Velazquez, M., Andreu, J., Sahuquillo, A., and Pulido-Velazquez, D.: Hydro-economic river basin modelling: the application of a holistic surface-groundwater model to assess opportunity costs of water use in Spain, Ecol. Econ., 66, 51–65, 2008.Pulido-Velazquez, M., Alvarez-Mendiola, E., and Andreu, J.: Design of efficient water pricing policies integrating basinwide resource opportunity costs, J. Water Res. 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Pl.-ASCE, 140, 375–383, 2014.US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC): Developing Seasonal and Long-Term Reservoir System Operation Plans Using HEC-PRM, US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, California, USA, 1996.Ward, F. and Pulido-Velazquez, M.: Efficiency, equity and sustainability in a water quantity-quality optimization model in the Rio Grande basin, Ecol. Econ., 66, 23–37, 2008.Wurbs, R. A.: Reservoir-system simulation and optimization models, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 119, 455–472, 1993.Young, R. A.: Water economics, in: Water Resources Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, USA, 3.1–3.57, 1996.Young, R. A.: Determining the Economic Value of Water: Concepts and Methods, RFF Press, Washington, DC, USA, 375 pp., 2005

Unraveling a Biomass-Derived Multiphase Catalyst for the Dehydrogenative Coupling of Silanes with Alcohols under Aerobic Conditions

Herein, a novel silver and chromium nanostructured N-doped carbonaceous material has been synthesized by a biomass-annealing approach using readily available chitosan as a raw material. The resulting catalyst AgCr@CN-800 has been applied for the dehydrogenative coupling reaction of various silanes with different alcohols to obtain the corresponding silyl ethers under aerobic and mild conditions. Besides excellent activity and selectivity, the as-prepared catalyst exhibits good stability and reusability. Characterization by XRD, XPS, ICP-MS, HRTEM, in combination with careful examination of the structure with Cs-corrected HAADF-STEM revealed that catalyst AgCr@CN-800 comprises Ag and CrN aggregated particles, as well as highly dispersed Ag-Nx and Cr-Nx sites embedded in N-doped graphitic structures. A comparative catalytic study using structure-related catalysts in combination with acid-leaching treatments has shown that the most active species are the Ag particles, and that their activity is boosted by the presence of Cr-derived species. By in-situ Raman spectroscopy experiments, it has been found that the dehydrogenative coupling of silanes with alcohols in the presence of catalyst AgCr@CN-800 takes place through an oxygen-assisted mechanism

Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems

[EN] Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was raised in six individual recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) whose bioflters¿ performance was analyzed. Fish were fed with three diferent diets (a control diet, a fshmeal-based diet (FM), and a plant meal-based diet (VM)) and with three diferent feeding strategies (manual feeding to apparent satiation, automatic feeding with restricted ration, and auto-demand feeding). For every combination of diet and feeding strategy, the mean oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, and ammonia removal rate were determined. Fish fed with the VM diet consumed the most oxygen (20.06±1.80 gO2 consumed kg¿1 day¿1). There were signifcant diferences in ammonia excretion depending on the protein content and protein efciency of the diet, as well as depending on feeding strategy, which in turn afected ammonia removal rates. Fish fed by auto-demand feeders led to the highest mean ammonia removal rate (0.10 gN-TAN removed m¿2 biofltration area day¿1), while not leading to peaks of high ammonia concentration in water, which preserve fsh welfare and growth.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Research is funded by the national project ¿Design of a recirculating aquaculture system for aquaculture plants (2011¿2014),¿ by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, as well as by a grant financed by Generalitat Valenciana, IDIFEDER/2020/029, and by the project ¿Recirculating aquaculture systems¿ by Universitat Politècnica de València. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Godoy-Olmos, S.; Jauralde García, I.; Monge-Ortiz, R.; Milián Sorribes, MC.; Jover Cerda, M.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Martínez-Llorens, S. (2022). Influence of diet and feeding strategy on the performance of nitrifying trickling filter, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems. Aquaculture International. 30(2):581-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00821-358160630

Estimation of phosphorous and nitrogen waste in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) diets including different inorganic phosphorous sources

[EN] Aquaculture effluents with high levels of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) contribute to eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem. The environmental impact of phosphorus and N aquaculture waste may be diminished by modifying diet ingredients that improve phosphorous (P) digestibility, and therefore, reduce the P in metabolic waste. The content of P in fishmeal is high (30 g/kg), but the inclusion of fishmeal in the diet is reducing due to its high costs and limited accessibility; therefore, the addition of an inorganic P source is necessary to ensure a satisfactory level of available P in fish diets. Consequently, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of four different inorganic P sources on P digestibility and excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as one of the most relevant aquaculture species. Monosodium/monocalcium phosphate with 2% of sodium source presented a P digestibility similar to monoammonium phosphate, but with lower nitrogen and phosphorus excretion into the environment, which is advantageous from a nutritional, environmental and industrial point of view (biofilters and recirculation systems in fish farms). This study was conducted to evaluate the apparent availability and P and N excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using different inorganic phosphorus sources. With this goal, fish (153 +/- 14.1 g) fed four inorganic P sources were assayed: monoammonium phosphate (MAP, NH4H2PO4), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-2%, AQphos+, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O in proportion 12/88), monosodium/monocalcium phosphate (SCP-5%, NaH2PO4/Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O in proportion 30/70) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP, Ca(H2PO4)(2)center dot H2O). Phosphorus (P) digestibility, in diets that included MAP and SCP-2% as inorganic phosphorus sources, were significantly higher than for SCP-5% and MCP sources. In relation to the P excretion pattern, independent of the diet, a peak at 6 h after feeding was registered, but at different levels depending on inorganic P sources. Fish fed an MAP diet excreted a higher amount of dissolved P in comparison with the rest of the inorganic P sources, although the total P losses were lower in MAP and SCP-2% (33.02% and 28.13, respectively) than in SCP-5% and MCP sources (43.35% and 47.83, respectively). Nitrogen (N) excretion was also studied, and the fish fed an SCP-5% diet provided lower values (15.8%) than MAP (28.0%). When N total wastes were calculated, SCP-2% and SCP-5% showed the lowest values (31.54 and 28.25%, respectively). In conclusion, based on P and N digestibility and excretion, the SCP-2% diet showed the best results from a nutritional and environmental point of view.This study has been developed under the framework of the project entitled "Improvement of the nutritional quality of aquaculture feeds through the incorporation of microalgae hydrolysates enriched in probiotic microorganisms-ALQUABIOTIC," ITC-20181099, corresponding to the FEDER INNTERCONECTA 2018 call, funded by CDTI (Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology), supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and co-financed by FEDER funds (European Regional Development Fund) within the 2014-2020 Intelligent Growth Operational Program.Milián-Sorribes, MC.; Tomas-Vidal, A.; Peñaranda, D.; Carpintero, L.; Mesa, JS.; Dupuy, J.; Donadeu, A.... (2021). Estimation of phosphorous and nitrogen waste in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) diets including different inorganic phosphorous sources. Animals. 11(6):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061700S11411

A multilayer service data acquisition and operation system for oceanographic ships and instrumentation networks

A new Data Acquisition and Operation System for Oceanographic ships and Instrumentation Networks has been developed by the Marine Technology Unit of the Spanish Research Vessels for their networked remote acquisition platforms. The new system built over LABVIR project background follows a Service Oriented Architecture to allow expandable access to acquired data in real time and to archived data. Several Data layers are implemented to allow data access from the more common tools and formats used in marine sciences.Peer Reviewe

Economic risk assessment of drought impacts on irrigated agriculture

[EN] In this paper, we present an innovative framework for an economic risk analysis of drought impacts on irrigated agriculture. It consists on the integration of three components: stochastic time series modelling for prediction of inflows and future reservoir storages at the beginning of the irrigation season; statistical regression for the evaluation of water deliveries based on projected inflows and storages; and econometric modelling for economic assessment of the production value of agriculture based on irrigation water deliveries and crop prices. Therefore, the effect of the price volatility can be isolated from the losses due to water scarcity in the assessment of the drought impacts. Monte Carlo simulations are applied to generate probability functions of inflows, which are translated into probabilities of storages, deliveries, and finally, production value of agriculture. The framework also allows the assessment of the value of mitigation measures as reduction of economic losses during droughts. The approach was applied to the Jucar river basin, a complex system affected by multiannual severe droughts, with irrigated agriculture as the main consumptive demand. Probability distributions of deliveries and production value were obtained for each irrigation season. In the majority of the irrigation districts, drought causes a significant economic impact. The increase of crop prices can partially offset the losses from the reduction of production due to water scarcity in some districts. Emergency wells contribute to mitigating the droughts' impacts on the Jucar river system. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This study has been supported by the IMPADAPT project (CGL2013-48424-C2-1-R) with Spanish MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) and European FEDER funds; the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the IMPREX project (GA 641.811) and the FP7 project ENHANCE (FP7, 308438).Lopez-Nicolas, A.; Pulido-Velazquez, M.; Macian-Sorribes, H. (2017). Economic risk assessment of drought impacts on irrigated agriculture. Journal of Hydrology. 550:580-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.004S58058955

Creating Acceptable Tablets 3D (CAT 3D): A Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Acceptability of 3D Printed Tablets in Children and Young People

3D printing (3DP) has been proposed as a novel approach for personalising dosage forms for children and young people (CYP). Owing to its low cost and the lack of need for finishing steps, fused deposing modelling (FDM) 3DP has been heavily researched in solid dosage forms (SDFs) manufacturing. However, the swallowability and overall acceptability of 3D printed dosage forms are yet to be established. This work is the first to evaluate the acceptability of different sized 3D printed placebo SDFs in CYP (aged 4–12 years). All participants had previously participated in a feasibility study (CAT study) that assessed the swallowability and acceptability of different sized GMP manufactured placebo conventional film-coated tablets, and therefore only attempted to swallow one 3D printed tablet. The participants assessed the swallowability, acceptability, mouthfeel, volume of water consumed, and taste of the sample using a 5-point hedonic facial scale on a participant questionnaire. A total of 30 participants were recruited, 87% of whom successfully swallowed the 3D printed tablet that they attempted to take. Attributes of the 3D printed tablets were scored as acceptable by the following percentage of participants—swallowability (80%), mouthfeel/texture (87%), the volume of water consumed (80%), taste (93%), and overall acceptability (83%). Overall, 77% of children reported they would be happy to take the tablet every day if it was a medicine. Participants were also asked which tablets felt better in the mouth—the film-coated tablets or the 3D printed tablets, and the most popular response (43%) was that both were acceptable. This study shows that FDM-based 3D printed SDFs may be a suitable dosage form for children aged 4–12 years. The results from this feasibility study will be used to inform a larger, definitive study looking at the acceptability of 3D printed tablets in children

Integrated assessment of the impact of climate and land use changes on groundwater quantity and quality in the Mancha Oriental system (Spain)

[EN] Climate and land use change (global change) impacts on groundwater systems cannot be studied in isolation. Land use and land cover (LULC) changes have a great impact on the water cycle and contaminant production and transport. Groundwater flow and storage are changing in response not only to climatic changes but also to human impacts on land uses and demands, which will alter the hydrologic cycle and subsequently impact the quantity and quality of regional water systems. Predicting groundwater recharge and discharge conditions under future climate and land use changes is essential for integrated water management and adaptation. In the Mancha Oriental system (MOS), one of the largest groundwater bodies in Spain, the transformation from dry to irrigated lands during the last decades has led to a significant drop of the groundwater table, with the consequent effect on stream-aquifer interaction in the connected Jucar River. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of water quantity and water quality is essential for a proper management of the system. On the one hand, streamflow depletion is compromising the dependent ecosystems and the supply to the downstream demands, provoking a complex management issue. On the other hand, the intense use of fertilizer in agriculture is leading to locally high groundwater nitrate concentrations. In this paper we analyze the potential impacts of climate and land use change in the system by using an integrated modeling framework that consists in sequentially coupling a watershed agriculturally based hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT) with a groundwater flow model developed in MODFLOW, and with a nitrate mass-transport model in MT3DMS. SWAT model outputs (mainly groundwater recharge and pumping, considering new irrigation needs under changing evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation) are used as MODFLOW inputs to simulate changes in groundwater flow and storage and impacts on stream-aquifer interaction. SWAT and MODFLOW outputs (nitrate loads from SWAT, groundwater velocity field from MODFLOW) are used as MT3DMS inputs for assessing the fate and transport of nitrate leached from the topsoil. Three climate change scenarios have been considered, corresponding to three different general circulation models (GCMs) for emission scenario A1B that covers the control period, and short-, medium-and long-term future periods. A multi-temporal analysis of LULC change was carried out, helped by the study of historical trends (from remote-sensing images) and key driving forces to explain LULC transitions. Markov chains and European scenarios and projections were used to quantify trends in the future. The cellular automata technique was applied for stochastic modeling future LULC maps. Simulated values of river discharge, crop yields, groundwater levels and nitrate concentrations fit well to the observed ones. The results show the response of groundwater quantity and quality (nitrate pollution) to climate and land use changes, with decreasing groundwater recharge and an increase in nitrate concentrations. The sequential modeling chain has been proven to be a valuable assessment tool for supporting the development of sustainable management strategies.This study was partially funded by the EU FP7 GENESIS project (no. 226.536) on groundwater systems, the Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008-2011 of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (projects CGL2009-13238-C02-01/02 on climate change impacts and adaptation), and the IMPADAPT project (CGL2013-48424-C2-1-R) with Spanish MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad) and Feder funds. We also want to thank SMHI for the climate scenarios provided in the context of the GENESIS project, as well as the anonymous reviewer and the handling editor, for the constructive and helpful review of the paper.Pulido-Velazquez, M.; Peña Haro, S.; García Prats, A.; Mocholí Almudéver, AF.; Henriquez-Dole, L.; Macian-Sorribes, H.; Lopez-Nicolas, A. (2015). Integrated assessment of the impact of climate and land use changes on groundwater quantity and quality in the Mancha Oriental system (Spain). Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 19(4):1677-1693. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1677-2015S16771693194Abbaspour, K.: SWAT-CUP 2012: SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs – A User Manual, available at: http://www.neprashtechnology.ca/Downloads/SwatCup/Manual/Usermanual_Swat_Cup.pdf, 2012.Apperl, B., Pulido-Velazquez, M., Andreu, J., and Karjalainen, T. P.: Contribution of the multi-attribute value theory to conflict resolution in groundwater management – application to the Mancha Oriental groundwater system, Spain, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1325–1337, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1325-2015, 2015.Arnold, J. G. and Williams, J. R.: SWRRB – A watershed scale model for soil and water resources management, in: Computer models of watershed hydrology, edited by: Singh, V. P., Water Resources Publications, 847–908, 1995.Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., and Williams, J. R.: Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: model development, J. Am. Water Resour. As., 34, 73–89, 1998.Arnold, J. G., Moriasi, D. N., Gassman, P. W., Abbaspour, K. C., White, M. J., Srinivasan, R., Santhi, C., Harmel, R. D., van Griensven, A., Van Liew, M. W., Kannan, N., and Jha, M. K.: SWAT: Model Use, Calibration, and Validation, T. ASABE, 55, 1491–1508, 2012.Calera, A., Medrano, J., Vela, A., and Castaño, S.: GIS tools applied to the sustainable management of hydric resources: application to the aquifer system 08-29, Agr. Water Manage., 40, 207–220, 1999.Calera, A., Jochum, A. M., Cuesta, A., Montoro, A., and Lopez, P.: Irrigation management from space: Towards user-friendly products, Irrig. Drain., 19, 337–353, 2005.Calera, A., Osann, A., D'Urso, G., Neale, C., and Moreno, J. M.: Earth Observation for irrigation and river basin management in an operational way: The SPIDER system, IAHS-AISH P., 352, 423–426, 2012.Caballero, S., Voirin-Morel, F., Habets, J., Noilhan, P., LeMoigne, A., and Lehenaff, A. B.: Hydrological sensitivity of the Adour-Garonne river basin to climate change, Water Resour. Res., 43, WO7448, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004192, 2007.Candela, L., von Igel, W., Elorza, F. J., and Aronica, G.: Impact assessment of combined climate and management scenarios on groundwater resources and associated wetland (Majorca, Spain), J. Hydrol., 376, 510–527, 2009.Candela, L., Elorza, F. J., Jiménez-Martínez, J., and von Igel, W.: Global change and agricultural management options for groundwater sustainability, Comput. Electron. Agr., 86, 120–130, 2012.Castaño, S., Sanz, D., and Gómez-Alday, J. J.: Methodology for quantifying 13 groundwater abstractions for agricultura via remote sensing and GIS, Water Resour. Manage., 24, 795–814, 2010.Chaouche, K., Neppel, L., Dieulin, C., Pujol, N., Ladouche, B., Martin, E., Salas, D., and Caballero, Y.: Analyses of precipitation, temperatura and evapotranspiration in a French Mediterranean región in the context of climate change, C.R. 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